Social Determinants of Health in the News

Social determinants of health and health-related social needs are frequently featured in both popular news sources and academic publications. These excerpts from six recent stories caught our eye.
By Kate Raphael
Posted: February 12, 2020
Social determinants of health and health-related social needs are frequently featured in both popular news sources and academic publications. These excerpts from six recent stories caught our eye.
By Austin Frakt
Posted: January 22, 2020
Social determinants of health comes up from time to time in health policy news, reports, and scholarly articles. Here are quotes from five of these that caught my eye recently.
By Kate Raphael
Posted: October 1, 2019
In one of his recent Health Care Triage videos, Aaron Carroll calls attention to a recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association that supposedly tells us something new about plant-based diets and health.
Tags: behavior, cardiovascular, diet, evidence, health, mortality, outcome, plant-based, vegetarian
By Austin Frakt
Posted: July 10, 2019
This is a guest post by Lynn Todman, PhD, the executive director for population health at Spectrum Health Lakeland in St. Joseph, Michigan, where she also serves on the City Commission. She is a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Culture of Health Leadership Fellow.
Tags: access, education, health, mortality, opportunities, racial identity, racism
By Austin Frakt
Posted: June 27, 2019
In the 1980s through the mid-1990s there was little the health system could do to address AIDS. Today there is a lot. Would we therefore attribute no deaths to AIDS in the 1980s and early 1990s to access to health care and some of them to that factor today?
By Austin Frakt
Posted: June 13, 2019
Here’s a puzzle: To what would you attribute deaths from AIDS today? Genetics? Behavior? Social or environmental factors? The health system (or its failure)? Something else? Once you have your answer, how would you know it was right? How would you test it? What evidence would you need? What studies would you do?
Tags: AIDS, behavior, environmental, genetics, health system, mortality, social
By Austin Frakt
Posted: June 1, 2019
How much value do we obtain per dollar spent on the health system? How has that changed over time? How does it compare across countries? These are tough but important questions.
By Austin Frakt
Posted: May 12, 2019
The risks to health faced by Americans long ago are different from those we face today. Some of the things that once killed many people (like poor sanitation) now kill many fewer. On the other hand, we now face new risks (like death from auto accidents) that didn’t exist a century ago.
By Austin Frakt
Posted: April 30, 2019
The U.S. is the biggest spender on health care in the world, yet national health outcomes do not reflect this massive investment. This fact forces us to question the value of health care spending: are our health care dollars worth it?
By Austin Frakt
Posted: April 1, 2019
What drives health? This is the big and challenging question my team and I are facing on a new, one – year project funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. This website is devoted to this question, and we invite you to engage with us as we explore it.
Health behaviors encompass a wide range of human behaviors that affect health including: physical activity; diet; sleep; and tobacco, alcohol, and other substance use. Just as one example, reducing exposure to tobacco has been identified as the single biggest way to prevent morbidity, disability, and early death.
Environmental factors — natural and built — have profound effects on our health. Of course, factors like air quality affect our health, evidenced by a study that demonstrated an association between higher levels of air pollutants O3 and PM2.5 and pediatric pneumonia. Environmental conditions even before birth (present during fetal development) can affect health and well-being into adulthood.
Genetics play a role in the development of certain disease. For example, while cancer is not caused by genetics, most cancers have some genetic determinants. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes play a role in tumor suppression, and, when mutated, increase the risk of female breast, ovarian, and other cancers.
Racial Identity is closely associated with health outcomes in the US. For example, African-American adults experience much higher levels of mortality than white adults, from all causes. Racial Identity also plays a role in the accumulated stress from discrimination and in the quality of health care received.
Evidence suggests that gender identity plays a role in health and health care. For example, one study found that women with angina pectoris and low socioeconomic status were referred to cardiologists less frequently than men.
Evidence suggests that education has a causal effect in reducing mortality. Among all age groups, every additional year of school is associated with increased self-reported health status.
Income and wealth are associated with health, but through complex pathways. While income and wealth facilitate access to health care, food, and housing, it’s also true that good health facilitates labor force participation, potentially leading to higher income. Several studies suggest that income and resources have profound effects in early life and development, but a much smaller effect on adults.
A wide range of government policies can affect health. For example, in 2007, Australia became the first country to introduce a government-funded human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program. For years later, significantly lower levels of HPV were present in the population. As another example, studies show that Medicaid expansion in the US facilitates access to care and improves self-reported health outcomes. Policies outside the health system can affect health too. Those pertaining to deportation of undocumented immigrants and same-sex marriage have been linked to health outcomes, for example.
Medical care is designed to facilitate good health, so both the quality of medical care and access to it influence our health outcomes. One study found that the medically uninsured receive 20% less care after auto accidents and have significantly higher mortality rates than people who are insured.
Occupation is linked to health outcomes, and may both cause health due to the conditions of the job, and be caused by health due to the limitations particular to certain conditions.
Social relationships can affect mental and physical health as well as behaviors and mortality risk. The people we are surrounded by (at an early age, parents, and later in life, peers and romantic partners) strongly influence health through mechanisms of stress, social support, and pressure to engage in or avoid risky behaviors.
Health behaviors encompass a wide range of human behaviors that affect health including: physical activity; diet; sleep; and tobacco, alcohol, and other substance use. Just as one example, reducing exposure to tobacco has been identified as the single biggest way to prevent morbidity, disability, and early death.
Race is closely associated with health outcomes in the US. For example, African-American adults experience much higher levels of mortality than white adults, from all causes. Race also plays a role in the accumulated stress from discrimination and in the quality of health care received.